Effect of somatotropin on survival and diameter of bovine preantral follicles / Efeito da somatotropina na sobrevivência e no diâmetro de folículos pré-antrais de bovinos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on survival and diameter of bovine preantral ovarian follicles (PAOF) cultured in vitro. Ovaries were collected from adult cows and fragments of ovarian cortex were immediately fixed (non-cultured control) or cultured in vitro in α-MEM+ alone or containing 10, 50, 100 or 1,000ng/mL rbST. The fragments were processed for Classical Histology and Transmission Electron Microscopy. After one and seven days of culture, the percentage of normal follicles in the non-cultured control was superior (P< 0.05) to the follicles cultured in α-MEM+ alone or with different rbST concentrations. The oocyte and follicular mean diameter did not increase during the culture for one and seven days, both in media containing rbST and in the medium without this hormone. The only medium in which there was no reduction in follicular diameter with the time of culture was the medium without rbST. Ultrastructural damage in PAOF cultured in vitro was found. It is concluded that the use of rbST at different concentrations in in situ culture of bovine preantral follicles has no beneficial effects on survival and growth of bovine PAOF.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) sobre a sobrevivência e o diâmetro de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais (FOPA) bovinos cultivados in vitro. Ovários foram coletados de vacas adultas e fragmentos do córtex ovariano foram imediatamente fixados (controle não cultivado) ou cultivados in vitro em α-MEM + sozinho ou contendo 10, 50, 100 ou 1.000ng/mL de rbST. Os fragmentos foram processados para histologia clássica e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Após um e sete dias de cultivo, o percentual de folículos normais no controle não cultivado foi superior (P<0,05) aos cultivados em α-MEM + sozinho ou acrescido de diferentes concentrações de rbST. Os diâmetros médios oocitário e folicular não aumentaram durante o cultivo por um e sete dias, tanto nos meios contendo rbST, como no meio sem esse hormônio (α-MEM + ). O único meio em que não houve redução no diâmetro folicular com o tempo de cultivo foi o sem rbST. Verificaram-se ainda danos ultraestruturais em FOPA cultivados in vitro. Conclui-se que o uso de rbST em diferentes concentrações no cultivo in situ de folículos pré-antrais bovinos não tem efeitos benéficos na sobrevivência e no crescimento de FOPA bovinos.(AU)

Growth Hormone and Aging: Updated Review

Role of growth hormone (GH) in mammalian aging is actively explored in clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies. The age-related decline in GH levels is variously interpreted as a symptom of neuroendocrine aging, as one of causes of altered body composition and other unwelcome symptoms of aging, or as a mechanism of natural protection from cancer and other chronic diseases. Absence of GH signals due to mutations affecting anterior pituitary development, GH secretion, or GH receptors produces an impressive extension of longevity in laboratory mice. Extension of healthspan in these animals and analysis of survival curves suggest that in the absence of GH, aging is slowed down or delayed. The corresponding endocrine syndromes in the human have no consistent impact on longevity, but are associated with remarkable protection from age-related disease. Moreover, survival to extremely old age has been associated with reduced somatotropic (GH and insulin-like growth factor-1) signaling in women and men. In both humans and mice, elevation of GH levels into the supranormal (pathological) range is associated with increased disease risks and reduced life expectancy likely representing acceleration of aging. The widely advertised potential of GH as an anti-aging agent attracted much interest. However, results obtained thus far have been disappointing with few documented benefits and many troublesome side effects. Possible utility of GH in the treatment of sarcopenia and frailty remains to be explored.

Research of Jiawei-Xiaoyao powder on the Ghrelin, VIP for the non-erosive reflux disease with stagnation of liver Qi and spleen deficiency type / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Jiawei-Xiaoyao powder on the levels of somatotropin and vasoaetive intestinal peptide (VIP) in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).Methods Seventy patients with liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency NERD who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups according to the random number table,35 in each group.The treatment group was orally administered with Jiawei-Xiaoyao powder,and the control group was given oral omeprazole enteric-coated tablets and domperidone.Both groups were treated for 8 weeks.Plasma somatotropin and VIP levels were measured by ELISA.Results After treatment,plasma somatotropin levels (210.96 ± 16.85 pg/ml vs.195.75 ± 12.62 pg/ml,t=4.274) in the treatment group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.01),and plasma VIP level (16.12 ± 1.41 pg/ml vs.18.57 ± 2.68 pg/ml,t=4.786) in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions The Jiawei-Xiaoyao powder could reduce plasma VIP level in NERD patients,increase plasma somatotropin levels of NERD.

Analysis of the influencing factors of recombinant human growth hormone effect in the children with Turner syndrome / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the clinical data, karyotype, growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 polymorphism, etc. in Turner syndrome before and after recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment, and thereby to understand the related factors influencing the rhGH curative effect in children with Turner syndrome.@*Methods@#This was a retrospective study of 31 cases with Turner syndrome who were treated with growth hormone for more than 1 year in the pediatric outpatient department of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2010 to January 2017. The GHR Exon3 polymorphism was detected by PCR assay, Turner syndrome children were divided according to GHR exon3 genotype for homozygous for the full-length GHR isoform (fl/fl-GHR)and carriers of one or two copies of the GHR exon3 allele(fl/d3-GHR;d3/d3-GHR).According to the karyotype, the children were divided into 45,X karyotype group and other karyotype group. The height standard deviation (Ht-SDS) and growth velocity (GV) as indicators to measure rhGH treatment efficacy, the data were analyzed by the SPSS12.0 software (t test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis).@*Results@#(1) The mean age at diagnosis of 31 cases was (12.2±2.9) years, the bone age was (8.9±2.4) years, the height was (126.2±10.5) cm and the Ht-SDS was (-3.5±1.3) SDS. The karyotype was 45,X in 14 patients, 17 cases had other karyotypes. Thirteen cases were of (fl/fl-GHR) (42%), 14 cases of fl/d3-GHR (45%) and 4 cases of d3/d3-GHR(13%).Among the 31 cases, the main reason for 5 patients' hospitalization was no secondary sexual characteristics, another 26 cases had short stature (accounting for 81%).(2) After Growth hormone treatment, growth rate (cm/year)(7.3±1.4, 7.0±3.0, 7.0±1.3) and Ht-SDS (-2.8±1.2, -2.5±0.9, -2.2±0.8) were significantly higher than the pre-treatment levels (2.9±0.9, -3.5±1.3), the difference was statistically significant (F=54.12, 4.43, P<0.05) ; the third year Ht-SDS(-2.2±0.8)higher than the first year Ht-SDS(-2.8±1.2), the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.3, P<0.05) .(3)Before rhGH treatment, the height of 45,X karyotype group was significantly lower than that of other karyotypes ((122.1±9.1) cm vs. (129.9±10.3) cm, t=-2.2, P<0.05)). Before and after rhGH treatment, there was no significant difference in growth rate (cm/year) and Ht-SDS, between 45, X karyotype group and other karyotype group, but with the prolongation of treatment time, the Ht-SDS of other karyotype groups had an improvement trend compared with the 45,X karyotype groups. (4) After short-term and long-term treatment with rhGH, there were no significant differences in GV, Ht-SDS between patients with different genotypes (P>0.05). (5) Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that ΔHt-SDS was negatively correlated with the age at initial treatment(partial regression coefficient=-0.098, P <0.05), and positively correlated with GV before treatment(partial regression coefficient=0.202, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#In Turner's syndrome children, the earlier the rhGH treatment started, the faster the growth rate before treatment and the longer treatment duration, the better effect of rhGH treatment was obtained. Before rhGH treatment, the height of 45,X karyotype group was significantly lower than that of other karyotypes. Before and after rhGH treatment, there was no significant difference in growth rate (cm/year) and Ht-SDS, but with the prolongation of treatment time, the Ht-SDS of other karyotype groups had an improvement trend compared with the 45,X karyotype groups. GHR exon 3 polymorphism did not significantly affect the efficacy of rhGH in Turner syndrome children, but large-scale long-term studies are still needed.

Association of serum components of GH axis with GHR exon 3 polymorphism in idiopathic short stature children / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the possible association of circulating components of GH-IGFs-IGFBPs system with the GHR-exon 3 genotype in idiopathic short stature (ISS) children. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted and isolat-ed from peripheral leukocytes in 108 ISS children. GHR-exon 3 polymorphism was analyzed with multiplex poly-merase chain reactions (PCR) assay. According to the results of genotype, ISS children were divided into GHRfl group and GHRd 3 group. The height and weight were recorded in two groups. The body mass index (BMI) and BMI standard deviation score (SDS) were measured. The serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, IGF-1 SDS and IGFBP3 SDS were calculated. GH stimulation test was used to measure the serum GH peak value. Fifty-five ISS chil-dren were treated with recombine human GH [0.15 IU/(kg·d)] for three months to analyse the association of IGF-1 response of GH treatment and genotypes. Results There were 63 GHRfl and 45 GHRd3 in 108 ISS children. There were no signifi-cant differences in BMI, IGF-1, IGFBP3, GH peak, IGF-1 SDS and IGFBP3 SDS between two groups (P>0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age, IGFBP3, lg (BMI) and lg (GH peak) were influencing factors of lgIGF-1 (P<0.05). In 55 ISS children treated with rhGH, there were 34 cases of GHRd3. The differences of △IGF-1 and △IGF-1 SDS were higher in GHRd3 group than those of GHRfl group (n=21). Conclusion The GH sensitivity may be a risk factor in ISS children, which may not be related with GHR polymorphism.

Influência do Hormônio do Crescimento na concentração de testosterona plasmática e nas características seminais de touros jovens e adultos da raça Nelore / Influence of Growth Hormone on plasma testosterone concentration and seminal characteristics of young and adult Nellore bulls

Estudou-se o efeito do Hormônio do Crescimento bovino (bGH) sobre os parâmetros seminais e a concentração sérica de testosterona de touros da raça Nelore. Dezesseis touros foram distribuídos em um delineamento fatorial 2 x 2 (duas idades e dois níveis de r-bST), com quatro animais em cada tratamento. As aplicações de r-bST foram realizadas a cada 14 dias, totalizando nove aplicações por animal, em um período experimental de 120 dias. As coletas de sêmen foram realizadas a cada 15 dias e, para determinar as concentrações de testosterona, foram realizadas coletas de sangue a cada quatro horas, num total de 24 horas, e a cada 30 dias a partir da primeira aplicação de r-bST. O sêmen dos touros adultos tratados com r-bST apresentaram maior motilidade e vigor (P<0,05) em relação aos animais controles (79,70±11,56% vs 64,06±23,65%) e (3,80±0,88 vs 2,92±1,25), respectivamente; entretanto, as demais características seminais não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pelo tratamento com r-bST. Os aspectos físicos do sêmen dos touros jovens não foram afetados (P>0,05) pelo tratamento com r-bST. Entretanto o tratamento com r-bST diminuiu os defeitos morfológicos menores (delgado, gigante normal, pequeno normal, globoso, cabeça isolada normal, abaxial, cauda dobrada e enrolada levemente e gota distal) em relação aos jovens não tratados (P<0,05). As concentrações séricas de testosterona foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo tratamento, aos 120 dias após a primeira aplicação do r-bST, e apresentaram tendência de três picos no período de 24 horas.

The aim of this trial was to study the effect of Growth Hormone (GH) on the seminal parameters and testosterone profile from Nellore bulls. Sixteen bulls were allocated in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (two ages and two r-bST levels), with four animals per treatment. The r-bST was injected every 14 days, with a total of nine injections per animal, during the 120 days of the experimental period. The semen collections were done every 15 days and blood samples were collected in four hour intervals for 24 hours, and in 30 day intervals from the first r-bST injection for testosterone profile. The semen of adult bulls treated with r-bST showed greater MOT and VIG (P<0.05) in relation to the control (79.70±11.56% vs 64.06±23.65%) and (3.80±0.88 vs 2.92±1.25) respectively; however, the other evaluated seminal parameters were not affected (P>0.05) by the r-bST treatment. The physical measurements of the semen of young animals was also unaffected (P>0.05) by r-bST injection. However, the treatment with r-bST decreased the number of minor morphologic defects (narrow head, giant head, small normal head, round head, free normal head, abaxial implantation, simple bent tail and distal droplet) compared to untreated young bulls (P<0.05). The serum testosterone concentration was influenced (P<0.05) by treatment, at 120 days after the first injection of r-bST and they showed a tendency of three picks in a 24 hour period of sampling.

Reappraisal of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) measurement in the detection of isolated and combined growth hormone deficiency (GHD) during the transition period / Reavaliação da dosagem sérica do fator de crescimento insulina-símile-1 (IGF-1) para o diagnóstico da deficiência isolada e combinada de hormônio de crescimento no período de transição

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of serum IGF-1 in the detection of isolated (IGHD) or combined growth hormone deficiency (CGHD) at the transition phase. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty nine patients with GHD during childhood [16 with IGHD (10 men) and 33 with CGHD (24 men); age 23.2 ± 3.5 yrs.] were submitted to an insulin tolerance test (ITT) with a GH peak < 5 µg/L used for the diagnosis of GHD at the transition phase. Pituitary function and IGF-1 measurements were evaluated in the basal sample of the ITT. Transition patients were reclassified as GH-sufficient (SGH; n = 12), IGHD (n = 7), or CGHD (n = 30). RESULTS: Five (31%) patients with IGHD and 32 (97%) with CGHD at childhood persisted with GHD at retesting. One patient with IGHD was reclassified as CGHD, whereas 3 patients with CGHD were reclassified as IGHD. Mean GH peak was 0.2 ± 0.3 µg/L in the CGHD, 1.3 ± 1.5 µg/L in the IGHD, and 18.1 ± 13.1 µg/L in the SGH group. Serum IGF-1 level was significantly higher in the SGH (272 ± 107 ng/mL) compared to IGHD (100.2 ± 110) and CGHD (48.7 ± 32.8) (p < 0.01). All patients reclassified as CGHD, 86% reclassified as IGHD, and 8.3% reclassified as SGH had low IGF-1 level, resulting in 97.3% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity in the detection of GHD at the transition period; the cutoff value of 110 ng/mL showed 94.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Mean IGF-1 values did not differ in IGHD or CGHD associated with one, two, three, or four additional pituitary deficiencies. CONCLUSION: IGF-1 measurement is accurate to replace ITT as initial diagnostic test for IGHD and CGHD detection at the transition phase.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia da dosagem sérica de IGF-1 no diagnóstico da deficiência de hormônio de crescimento isolada (DGHI) ou combinada (DGHC) na fase de transição. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Quarenta e nove pacientes com DGH na infância [16 DGHI (10 homens) e 33 DGHC (24 homens); idade 23,2 ± 3,5 anos] realizaram teste de tolerância à insulina (TTI), com pico de GH < 5 µg/L considerado diagnóstico de DGH na transição. Função hipofisária e níveis de IGF-1 foram determinados na amostra basal do TTI e os pacientes foram reclassificados em GH suficientes (SGH; n = 12), DGHI (n = 7) ou DGHC (n = 30). RESULTADOS: Cinco (31%) pacientes com DGHI e 32 (97%) com DGHC na infância persistiram com DGH no reteste. Um paciente com DGHI foi reclassificado como DGHC e três com DGHC como DGHI. Os picos médios de GH foram 0,2 ± 0,3 µg/L (DGHC), 1,3 ± 1,5 µg/L (DGHI) e 18,1 ± 13,1 µg/L (SGH). O nível médio de IGF-1 foi maior no grupo SGH (272 ± 107 ng/mL) comparado com DGHI (100,2 ± 110) e DGHC (48,7 ± 32,8) (p < 0,01). IGF-1 baixo foi observado em todos os pacientes reclassificados como DGHC, 86% dos DGHI e 8,3% dos SGH, resultando em sensibilidade de 97,3% e especificidade de 91,6% para detecção de DGH na transição; valor de corte de 110 ng/mL mostrou 94,5% sensibilidade e 100% especificidade. O nível médio de IGF-1 foi similar nos pacientes com DGHI ou DGHC com uma, duas, três ou quatro deficiências hipofisárias associadas. CONCLUSÃO: A dosagem sérica de IGF-1 mostrou-se acurada para substituir o TTI na detecção tanto de DGHI como DGHC na transição.

Polimorfismo GHRd3 e suas implicações na prática clínica / GHRd3 polymorphisms and their implications in clinical practice

O hormônio do crescimento (GH), ou somatotropina, é um hormônio secretado pela glândula hipófise anterior, cuja função é promover e controlar o crescimento corporal. Polimorfismos em receptores de hormônios têm sido apontados como importantes no desenvolvimento de muitas doenças e, entre os polimorfismos do gene GHR, o polimorfismo representado pela deleção do éxon 3 do gene GHR (GHRd3) tem sido o mais estudado. Este polimorfismo tem influência sobre a expressão e/ou responsividade do GHR, afetando sua ligação ao GH. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão sobre o polimorfismo GHRd3 e suas implicações na prática clínica

Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin is a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, whose function is to promote and control the body growth. Polymorphisms in hormone receptors have been identified as important in the development of many diseases, and, among the GHR gene polymorphisms, the polymorphism represented by the deletion of exon 3 of the GHR gene (GHRd3) has been the most studied. This polymorphism influences the expression and/or responsiveness of GHR, affecting its binding to GH. The aim of this study is to perform a review of GHRd3 polymorphism and its implications for clinical practice

Efficacy test of sustained-release somatotropin by implantation in steer, cow and barrow / 대한수의학회지

Sixteen steers were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bovine somatotropin (bST) in improving growth and feed:gain ratio during 12 weeks. Administration of the 400 mg bST implant resulted in a 16.1% increase in growth rate, and this increase was significant (p .05) feed intake and feed:gain ratio. Thirty-four cows were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bST in milk production during 4 weeks. Administration of the 200 mg bST implant resulted in an 8.7% increase in milk production, and this increase was significant (p .05) growth rate and feed intake.

Efeito da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) sobre os níveis de marcadores metabólicos de touros semiconfinados das raças Aberdeen Angus e Brangus / Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the concentrations of metabolic markers in semi-confined sires Aberdeen Angus and Brangus

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) sobre os marcadores do metabolismoenergético, proteico, mineral e hepático de touros mantidos em semiconfinamento. Foram utilizados 20 touros de raçasAberdeen Angus e Brangus, sendo divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (Placebo e rbST), para que no Placebo fosseadministrado via subcutânea duas doses de NaCl, 0,9% e no rbST fosse administrado o rbST (Lactotropin®). Foram realizadascinco coletas de sangue, com intervalo de 14 dias, para avaliação da concentração de triacilgliceróis e colesterol comomarcadores energéticos, ureia, como indicador proteico, fosfatase alcalina e fósforo como marcadores minerais e asenzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e a gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) como indicadoras da função hepática. Aaplicação de rbST não influenciou os marcadores energéticos, minerais, e proteico, exceto a enzima hepática GGT (P 0,05).Estes resultados indicam que a utilização do rbST em touros não alterou o metabolismo, pois os parâmetros avaliadosmantiveram-se dentro dos padrões considerados fisiológicos para a espécie.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on metabolic markers for energy, protein, mineral and hepatic metabolism of sires kept grazing and receiving concentrate. Twenty sires Aberdeen Angus and Brangus used for this experiment were divided in two groups (Placebo and rbST). The group Placebo received subcutaneous administration of NaCl, 0.9% and rbST receive rbST twice. Five blood collections with 14 days of interval were made for evaluation of triglyceride and cholesterol as energetic metabolism markers, urea, as proteic marker, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus as minerals markers and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) as indicators of the hepatic function. The rbST did not influence the energetic, mineral and proteic markers, except the hepatic enzyme GGT (P<0,05). These results indicated that the use of rbST in sires did not affect metabolism, therefore evaluated parameters remaining in the physiological range for the specie.

Novel nonsense mutation (p. Y113X) in the human growth hormone receptor gene in a Brazilian patient with Laron syndrome / Nova mutação nonsense (p. Y113X) no gene do receptor do hormônio do crescimento em um paciente brasileiro com síndrome de Laron

BACKGROUND: To date, about sixty different mutations within GH receptor (GHR) gene have been described in patients with GH insensitivity syndrome (GHI). In this report, we described a novel nonsense mutation of GHR. METHODS: The patient was evaluated at the age of 6 yr, for short stature associated to clinical phenotype of GHI. GH, IGF-1, and GHBP levels were determined. The PCR products from exons 2-10 were sequenced. RESULTS: The patient had high GH (26 µg/L), low IGF-1 (22.5 ng/ml) and undetectable GHBP levels. The sequencing of GHR exon 5 disclosed adenine duplication at nucleotide 338 of GHR coding sequence (c.338dupA) in homozygous state. CONCLUSION: We described a novel mutation that causes a truncated GHR and a loss of receptor function due to the lack of amino acids comprising the transmembrane and intracellular regions of GHR protein, leading to GHI.

INTRODUÇÃO: Até o momento, aproximadamente 60 diferentes mutações envolvendo o gene do receptor do GH (GHR) foram descritas em pacientes com a síndrome de insensibilidade ao GH (GHI). Neste artigo, descrevemos uma nova mutação nonsense do GHR. MÉTODOS: O paciente foi avaliado aos 6 anos de idade para baixa estatura associada ao fenótipo clínico da GHI. Níveis de GH, IGF-1 e GHBP foram determinados. Os produtos de PCR dos éxons 2-10 foram seqüenciados. RESULTADOS: O paciente apresentou níveis elevados de GH (26 µg/L), baixos de IGF-1 (22.5 ng/ml) e indetectáveis de GHBP. O seqüenciamento do éxon 5 do GHR revelou uma duplicação da adenina no nucleotídeo 338 da sequência de codificação do GHR (c.338dupA) em homozigose. CONCLUSÃO: Descrevemos uma nova mutação que causa um GHR truncado e uma perda da função do receptor devido à perda de aminoácidos compreendendo as regiões transmembrana e intracelular do receptor, levando a GHI.

Relationship between serum ghrelin and nutrition status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum ghrelin levels and nutrition state in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) ,as well as to explore the role of ghxelin in the nutri-tion metabolism. Methods Fifty-three COPD patients were observed, thirty-one of them were with malnutrition (group A), twenty-two COPD patients with normal nutrition status(group B), and twenty were healthy controls.Serum ghrelin, and nutritional parameters such as body mass index(BMI), ideal body weitht( % IBW), mid-upper arm cricumference(MAC), serum albumin(ALB), total lymphocyte counts(LYM) were determined. The correlation between ghrelin and nutritional parameters was analysed. Resuits The level of serum ghrelin in group A were sig-nificantly higher than those in group B and in healthy controls. And the serum ghrelin showed a negative correlation with BMI, % IBW, MAC, but there was no correlation between serum ghrelin level, ALB and LYM. Conclusion Ghrelin participated in the nutrition metabolism in patients with COPD, it would become much higher because of malnutrition in COPD.

Estimates of correlations among yield traits and somatic cell score with different models to adjust for bovine somatotropin effects on Holstein dairy cows

Records of Holstein cows from the Dairy Records Processing Center at Raleigh, NC were edited to obtain three data sets: 65,720 first, 50,694 second, and 65,445 later lactations. Correlations among yield traits and somatic cell score were estimated with three different models: 1) bovine somatotropin (bST) administration ignored, 2) bST administration as a fixed effect and 3) administration of bST as part of the contemporary group (herd-year-month-bST). Heritability estimates ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 for milk, 0.12 to 0.20 for fat, 0.14 to 0.16 for protein yields, and 0.08 to 0.09 for somatic cell score. Estimates were less for later than first lactations. Estimates of genetic correlations among yields ranged from 0.35 to 0.85 with no important differences between estimates with the 3 models. Estimates for lactation 2 agreed with estimates for lactation 1. Estimates of genetic correlations for later lactations were generally greater than for lactations 1 and 2 except between milk and protein yields. Estimates of genetic correlations between yields and somatic cell score were mostly negative or small (-0.45 to 0.11). Estimates of environmental correlations among yield traits were similar with all models (0.77 to 0.97). Estimates of environmental correlations between yields and somatic cell score were negative (-0.22 to -0.14). Estimates of phenotypic correlations among yield traits ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. Estimates of phenotypic correlations between yields and somatic cell score were small and negative. For all three data sets and all traits, no important differences in estimates of genetic parameters were found for the two models that adjusted for bST and the model that did not

Impact of bovine somatotropin on ranking for genetic value of dairy sires for milk yield traits and somatic cell score

Records of Holstein cows were used to examine how different models account for the effect of bovine somatotropin (bST) treatment on genetic evaluation of dairy sires for yield traits and somatic cell score. Data set 1 included 65,720 first-lactation records. Set 2 included 50,644 second-lactation records. Set 3 included 45,505 records for lactations three, four and five. Estimated breeding values (EBV) of sires were with three different animal models. With Model 1, bST administration was ignored. With Model 2, bST administration was used as a fixed effect. With Model 3, administration of bST was used to define the contemporary group (herd-year-month of calving-bST). Correlations for EBV of 1,366 sires with treated daughters between pairs of the three models were calculated for milk, fat and protein yields and somatic cell score for the three data sets. Correlations for EBV of sires between pairs of models for all traits ranged from 0.971 to 0.999. Fractions of sires with bST-treated progeny selected in common (top 10 to 15%) were 0.94 and usually greater for all pairs of models for all traits and parities. For this study, the method of statistical adjustment for bST treatment resulted in a negligible effect on genetic evaluations of sires when some daughters were treated with bST and suggests that selection of sires to produce the next generation of sires and cows might not be significantly affected by how the effect of bST is modeled for prediction of breeding values for milk, fat and protein yields and somatic cell score

Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Mexicana de Endocrinología Pediátrica, A. C., para el uso de hormona de crecimiento en niños y adolescentes / Mexican society for pediatric endocrinology's recommendations for the use of human biosynthetic growth hormone in children and adolescents

El objetivo del presente trabajo es señalar consideraciones puntuales que permitan: a) recordar los mecanismos básicos de la acción de la hormona de crecimiento; b) establecer la sospecha diagnóstica de deficiencia de hormona de crecimiento; c) evaluar la utilidad de diferentes estudios de laboratorio para confirmar su existencia; d) conocer las características físicas y químicas de los diferentes productos comerciales; e) preparar y utilizar los diferentes productos comerciales para asegurar su eficacia; f) determinar los objetivos generales del tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento; g) verificar las indicaciones formales para el uso de hormona de crecimiento; h) administrar la dosis adecuada con un horario y periodicidad óptimos; i) evaluar los parámetros de eficacia de la hormona de crecimiento; j) identificar los factores que modifican la acción de la hormona de crecimiento, k) reconocer y vigilar los parámetros de seguridad durante el tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento; l) definir el momento en que debe terminar el tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento.

The aim of this paper is to present consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with growth hormone deficiency, and to alert on several crucial points regarding the use of human biosynthetic growth hormone: a) the mechanism of action of natural human growth hormone; b) how to establish clinical suspicious of growth hormone deficiency; c) utility of different biochemical studies to confirm growth hormone deficiency; d) physical and chemical characteristics of the commercial kits of growth hormone; e) how to prepare and use the growth hormone kits to ensure their efficacy; f) general objectives of growth hormone treatment; g) formal indications for the use of human growth hormone; h) define dose, time and periodicity during treatment; i) efficacy parameters of growth hormone treatment; j) factors that modify the efficacy of growth hormone treatment; k) safety parameters during growth hormone treatment; l) when, how and in who stop the treatment with growth hormone.

The Outcome of Transsphenoidal Microsurgery for Acromegaly

OBJECTIVE: The authors present a retrospective clinical analysis of transsphenoidal surgery for acromegaly including preoperative factors determining the therapeutic outcome. METHODS: Forty-three patients(24 females, mean age 45.3 years) harboring growth hormone(GH)-secreting adenomas(13 microadenomas and 30 macroadenomas) were treated between the years 1987 and 2001. The mean duration of follow-up was 69 months. RESULTS: The average estimated duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 8 years. The control rate following surgery was 51%(22 out of 43 cases). Of the patients with postoperative persistent disease, 11 patients had had additional bromocriptine therapy with or without irradiation, and consequently 7 patients achieved biochemical remission. The overall remission rate of multimodality treatment was 67%. The preoperative GH value, tumor size, extrasellar extension of tumor, the number of surgeons, and the extent of the surgical removal were significant univariative predictors of outcome(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that surgical outcome for acromegaly could be achieved by a experienced neurosurgeon. In the group of the patients of large or invasive adenomas, with the less probability of surgical control, adjunctive medical or radiation therapy to control GH hypersecretion should be considered.

The effects of growth hormone on the growth of vascular endothelial cells / 实用口腔医学杂志

0.05); VEGF at 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml with the exposure time of 5 d increased the incorporation( P

A case of slipped capital femoral epiphysis developed during growth hormone treatment / 대한내과학회지

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common orthopedic hip disorder occuring in adolescence. In this condition, the femoral head (epiphysis) displaces, or slips on the femoral neck through the region of the growth plate. This condition can occur only before the epiphyseal plate closes. The exact etiology is unknown, although it has been associated with obesity, hanical abnormalities, physeal abnormalities, endocrine disturbances (hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism). Interestingly, SCFE was observed in growth hormone deficiency and in patients treated with growth hormone. We report a case of an adolescent male with glycogen storage disease Ia and growth hormone deficiency who developed SCFE during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone. A 17-year-old male was admitted for pain of left hip which was exacerbated by walking 15 days ago. He was diagnosed glycogen storage disease Ia and growh hormone deficiency 2 years ago and treated growth hormone therapy with recombinant human growth hormone at the dose of 2 unit/day. The diagnosis of SCFE was confirmed radiologically. From the time of admission, he received skin traction on the left hip joint and stopped to inject growth hormone and treated surgically with internal fixation of the epiphysis with use of 3-cannulated screw. The patient is followed at out-patient clinic without postoperative complication.

Análise de polimorfismo do gene da somatotropina em vacas Nelore e seu efeito sobre o peso à desmama de suas progênies

Data from a Nelore herd were used after adjustment of the weaning weight for 205 days of age, sex, age of dam, sire and weaning month and resulted into two groups of cows according to the in weaning weight of their calves (heavy and light groups). The least square means (LSM) for weaning weights were 163.21± 2,18kg and 134,44± 2.18kg, for heavy (H) and light (L) groups, with 41 animals each one. These animals were genotyped for DNA polymorphisms of the bovine somatotropin gene, using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Amplification of a region between exons III and V of somatotropin gene allowed analysis of two restriction sites. All animals showed monomorphism for the V exon site, showing the (Leu-Leu) genotype. At intron 3 site, there were identified the 21+/- and 60 -/- genotypes, with 0.13 and 0.87 frequencies to (+) and (-) alleles, respectively. The calves from +/- counts was of 152.42± 4.41kg and of calves from -/- cows was 147.60± 2.61kg. Heavy and light groups were similar for the allelic frequencies. The dam’s genotype did not affect the weaning weight of the calves. This suggests the existence of another genetic or non-genetic factors with major magnitude.

Informações sobre peso à desmama de um rebanho Nelore foram utilizadas após ajuste para idade padrão de 205 dias, sexo da cria, idade da mãe, touro e mês de desmama, para separar as reprodutrizes em dois grupos, cujos filhos diferiam nesse peso. As médias ajustadas pelo método dos quadrados mínimos foram para os grupos pesado (P) e leve (L) de 163,21± 2,18kg e 134,44± 2,18kg, respectivamente, com 41 animais em cada grupo. Essas reprodutrizes foram submetidas à coleta de sangue para estudo de polimorfismos do gene da somatotropina bovina, pela técnica de PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). A amplificação de uma região entre o éxon III e V do gene da somatotropina permitiu analisar dois sítios de restrição. Para o sítio do éxon V, todos os animais foram identificados como monomórficos (Leu-Leu). Quanto ao sítio do íntron 3, foi possível identificar os seguintes genótipos 21 (+/-) e 60 (-/-), com as freqüências de 0,13 e 0,87 para os alelos (+) e (-), respectivamente. O peso dos filhos dos animais com o genótipo +/- foi de 152,42± 4,41kg e os -/- 147,60± 2,61kg. Os grupos P e L não diferiram entre si quanto às freqüências alélicas apresentadas. O genótipo das reprodutrizes não afetou o peso à desmama de suas crias, existindo portanto outros efeitos genéticos e não genéticos de maior magnitude.

Evaluation of immune safety of application of enteral rehabilitative therapy in small bowel transplantation / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective: To evaluate the safety of application of enteral rehabilitative therapy in small bowel transplantation.Methods: Forty-eight recipients of rat allogeneic heterotopic small bowel transplantation(SD→Wistar)were divided into 4 groups randomly according to the application or not of enteral rehabilitative therapy or cyclosporine A.The pathological changes of graft,IL-2 receptor expression of lamina propria lymphocyte,serum IL-2 concentration,transformation test of spleen lymphocyte and its IL-2 secretion capacity were determined and compared.Results: The enteral rehabilitative therapy may promote the immune function of recipient so to augment the acute rejection of small bowel transplantation.But such effects can be block by the common used immunosuppressant-cyclosporine A.Under the immunosuppression of CsA(10mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,IM),application of enteral rehabilitative therapy can not induce or promote acute rejection of small bowel transplantation.Conclusion: Enteral rehabilitative therapy can augment the acute rejection of small bowel transplantation,but cyclosporine A can block its immunoenhancement effects.So under effective immunosuppression,application of enteral rehabilitative therapy is safe in small bowel transplantation.